On the Dialectical Unity of Absolute Space and Relative Space (1)

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Posted 2025-10-22 05:31:37
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Bao-hua ZHANG

Abstract

In the history of physics, Newton's absolute space and Einstein's relative spacetime are often seen as two mutually exclusive models of the universe. This paper attempts to re-examine and reflect upon their relationship based on Topological Vortex Theory (TVT). We argue that Newton's absolute space is the physical background of the universe, characterized by non-viscosity, uniformly incompressibility, and isotropy, providing the ultimate stage for all physical phenomena. Einstein's relative spacetime, in contrast, can be understood as a dynamic structure arising from topological excitations at critical energy points within this absolute background. The two are not in a "life-and-death" substitutive relationship but rather a symbiotic relationship of "background" and "excited state," "stage" and "actor." Denying the foundational status of absolute space is not only physically one-sided but also philosophically a form of historical nihilism, hindering the progress of physics towards a unified theory.

Keywords: Absolute Space; Relative Spacetime; Topological Vortex; Background Independence; Philosophy of Science

1. Introduction: The Misinterpreted "Absolute" and "Relative"

Since the tremendous success of Einstein's Special and General Theories of Relativity, Newton's concept of absolute space has been regarded as a surpassed historical stage. A popular narrative is that relativity, with its flexible, matter-interacting spacetime metric, completely replaced the rigid, void absolute space. However, this "either-or" linear view of progress oversimplifies and potentially distorts the deep structure of physical reality. This paper aims to propose a new synthetic model: Absolute space has not disappeared; it persists as the essence of the physical vacuum. Relativistic spacetime is a topologically excited state of this vacuum under specific conditions.

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