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On the Dialectical Unity of Absolute Space and Relative Space (1)

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Posted 2025-10-22 05:31:37

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Bao-hua ZHANG

In the history of physics, Newton's absolute space and Einstein's relative spacetime are often seen as two mutually exclusive models of the universe. This paper attempts to re-examine and reflect upon their relationship based on Topological Vortex Theory (TVT). We argue that Newton's absolute space is the physical background of the universe, characterized by non-viscosity, uniformly incompressibility, and isotropy, providing the ultimate stage for all physical phenomena. Einstein's relative spacetime, in contrast, can be understood as a dynamic structure arising from topological excitations at critical energy points within this absolute background. The two are not in a "life-and-death" substitutive relationship but rather a symbiotic relationship of "background" and "excited state," "stage" and "actor." Denying the foundational status of absolute space is not only physically one-sided but also philosophically a form of historical nihilism, hindering the progress of physics towards a unified theory.

Keywords: Absolute Space; Relative Spacetime; Topological Vortex; Background Independence; Philosophy of Science

1. Introduction: The Misinterpreted "Absolute" and "Relative"

Since the tremendous success of Einstein's Special and General Theories of Relativity, Newton's concept of absolute space has been regarded as a surpassed historical stage. A popular narrative is that relativity, with its flexible, matter-interacting spacetime metric, completely replaced the rigid, void absolute space. However, this "either-or" linear view of progress oversimplifies and potentially distorts the deep structure of physical reality. This paper aims to propose a new synthetic model: Absolute space has not disappeared; it persists as the essence of the physical vacuum. Relativistic spacetime is a topologically excited state of this vacuum under specific conditions.

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