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Bao-hua ZHANG أضاف وظيفة جديدة Literature
2025-12-04 05:43:27 -

Analyzing the Scientific Nature and Verifiability of Topological Vortex Theory (1)
Abstract: This paper aims to respond to and refute a common criticism against Topological Vortex Theory (TVT), which claims that the theory is unscientific due to its highly mathematical nature and lack of direct experimental verification. The article argues that this criticism is based on a narrow positivist view of science. By elucidating the plurality of scientific verification and...

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Bao-hua ZHANG أضاف وظيفة جديدة Literature
2025-12-04 05:53:00 -

Analyzing the Scientific Nature and Verifiability of Topological Vortex Theory (2)
I. The Plurality of Scientific Verification: Beyond Narrow Positivism 1.1 Evolution in Philosophy of Science: From Logical Positivism to Explanatory Power Paradigms The early 20th-century Logical Positivism emphasized “verifiability” as the criterion for demarcating science, a standard long since critiqued and transcended within philosophy of science. Karl Popper’s...

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Bao-hua ZHANG أضاف وظيفة جديدة Literature
2025-12-04 06:00:47 -

Analyzing the Scientific Nature and Verifiability of Topological Vortex Theory (3)
III. Ubiquitous Vortex Structures: An Evidentiary Map from Atoms to the Cosmos Critics claim that Topological Vortex Theory “lacks verification,” thereby disregarding the empirical evidence for the widespread existence of vortex structures in nature. While these phenomena are not always labeled as “direct verification of Topological Vortex Theory,” they all fall within...

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Bao-hua ZHANG أضاف وظيفة جديدة Literature
2025-12-04 06:06:18 -

Analyzing the Scientific Nature and Verifiability of Topological Vortex Theory (4)
IV. Refuting “Lack of Verification Implies Non-Science”: Dual Errors in Logic and Fact 4.1 Logical Fallacy: Confusing “Direct Verification” with “Holistic Validation” Critics equate “temporarily lacking direct experimental data” with “lacking any validation,” committing the fallacy of hasty generalization. Scientific validation is a...

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Bao-hua ZHANG أضاف وظيفة جديدة Literature
2025-12-04 06:13:29 -

Analyzing the Scientific Nature and Verifiability of Topological Vortex Theory (5)
V. Conclusion: Towards a More Inclusive View of Science Topological Vortex Theory (TVT) is far from an unverified speculation; it is a scientific theory with profound mathematical foundations [1], broad explanatory power, and accumulating empirical support [1-4]. Critics who reject its scientific nature due to its abstract mathematical form reflect a narrow, rigid view of science that is...

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