A Study on Topological Vortex Ring Interactions Based on...

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2025-10-29 01:21:19 -

A Study on Topological Vortex Ring Interactions Based on Möbius Loop and Hopf Link Concepts (2)

2. Theoretical Foundation: Topological Invariants 2.1 Linking Number (Lk) For two simple, unknotted but mutually entwined closed curves (like an ideal Hopf link), the linking number Lk is a topological invariant representing the total number of times (with sign) one loop winds around the other. For two vortex rings, Lk quantitatively describes the topological strength of their mutual...

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