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Rotational and Translational Characteristics of Topological Vortices and Antivortices Based on Perspectives from Loops and Knots (2)

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Posted 2025-10-20 05:13:27

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2. Rotational Characteristics of Topological Vortices and Antivortices

2.1 Rotational Direction and Angular Velocity Properties

The direction of rotation is a key physical feature distinguishing vortices from antivortices. According to TVT, the rotational direction of a vortex is determined by its topological charge, while that of an antivortex is opposite. Taking optical vortices as an example, a vortex with a topological charge of +1 typically exhibits counterclockwise rotation, whereas an antivortex with a charge of -1 rotates clockwise. This difference in rotational direction leads to rich dynamical behaviors in vortex-antivortex pairs: co-rotating vortex pairs may enhance the system's angular velocity, forming a so-called "warm spacetime" structure; whereas counter-rotating vortex-antivortex pairs may lead to reduced system energy due to angular momentum cancellation, forming a "cold spacetime" or returning to the ground state.

2.2 Analysis of Rotational Stability in Loop Structures

The loop structure is an important topological model for describing the morphology of vortex-antivortex pairs in three-dimensional space. For example, optical vortex rings can form stable topological configurations through closed phase trajectories. Within a loop structure, the rotational directions of the vortex and antivortex directly affect their dynamical stability: co-rotating vortex-antivortex pairs can maintain structural stability utilizing the loop's closure; whereas counter-rotating pairs may undergo topological annihilation due to mutual cancellation of angular velocities. This stability is closely related to topological invariants; for instance, the knot number of the loop can serve as a key indicator for judging the structural stability of a vortex-antivortex pair.

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