Introduction
Earthquake prediction remains one of the most challenging problems in geoscience. Traditional methods primarily rely on monitoring crustal physical parameters (such as crustal stress, geoelectricity, geomagnetism, groundwater levels). However, these parameters are often highly localized and susceptible to numerous interference factors, making it difficult to establish universal prediction models.
Topological vortex theory (TVT), often used in fluid dynamics and condensed matter physics to describe complex systems with rotational and shear motions, is introduced here into geophysics. We analogize the energy and material movements within Earth's interior (from the liquid outer core to the upper mantle) to a macroscopic topological vortex field. Earth's rotation axis and the Sun's rotation axis are not fixedly aligned; their angle continuously changes due to astronomical phenomena like nutation (period ~18.6 years) and precession (period ~25,800 years). This variation alters the torque exerted by solar gravity on Earth's non-uniform mass, thereby continuously "modulating" the vortex stress field inside Earth.
This modulation effect propagates to the relatively brittle crust, potentially causing tectonic blocks to undergo subtle, trend-related uplift, subsidence, or horizontal rotation. Although the magnitude of this deformation is small (possibly on the millimeter or even micrometer scale), it represents the direct manifestation of tectonic stress field adjustments during the process of major earthquake energy accumulation.
Although the scheme of monitoring crustal movements by integrating high-precision gyroscopes with a sundial network based on Topological Vortex Theory (TVT) demonstrates theoretical feasibility and technical potential, it necessitates addressing challenges related to multidisciplinary cross-validation. Specifically, the integration of geodetic measurements with vortex dynamics must be rigorously tested against empirical seismic data to establish predictive reliability. Moreover, environmental noise interference and long-term instrument stability pose practical limitations that require advanced calibration methods. Without consensus across geophysics, metrology, and theoretical mechanics, the proposed system risks remaining an abstract model. Therefore, phased experimental validation in tectonically active regions is essential to bridge theory and application. The following is a comprehensive analysis:
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